What do you mean by "adding bacteria"? Adding a product like a bottled bacteria starter from Tetra, or SeaChem....add that to an unicycle tank and add fish. The fish won't die, the starter will greatly speed up the cycling process. But, it still takes days/weeks to have a truly "cycled" tank, with its own bacteria colony and nice steady 0 ammonia and nitrite.
If you mean adding bacteria from another tank, that's pretty much instantaneous. You can add all the bacteria your tank needs from another tank, and you're done the day you add it.
Like, I have 4 bags of pond matrix in my sump right now. If I wanted to set up a new 240 Gallon tomorrow, I'd take a bag outta my sump, put it in the 240 gallon display, or sump under the 240, or in a canister filter, and I'd add fish. It'd be cycled.
I put a bag in my sump into a 20 gallon hospital tank I have, put sick fish in it, turn on a powerhead--done.