If you have overflow boxes on your tank and are dead set against using a sump, you have a few options. You can use bulkheads and then cap off in the holes in your overflow box to close off the overflow box, drill holes in the top or back of the tank to accommodate the uptake and return lines of your canister filter.
Overflow boxes come with various plumbing configurations. The overflow boxes on my 300 gallon tank have two holes in the bottom of the box--one going to the sump and the other for the return line. There is a hole in the top of the tank for the return line.
So our return line comes up through the overflow box, turns to the right, and then enters the tank through the top. Our return line for our mechanical filtration is on the left front pipe. Notice how we've drilled more holes on the top of our tank. Two of the holes are for FX-5 lines.
The external overflow boxes on our new tank have holes that could accommodate canister filters. Notice the four holes into the tank near the top of the overflow box. These are for return lines from the sump. (There are corresponding holes at the bottom of the overflow box for the return pipes.) We could, in theory, use these holes for canister filter uptakes/returns.
I think to use your overflow box, you would need to drill a hole in your overflow box into the tank for your uptake line to your canister. It would be a lot simpler to plug off the overflow box and drill two holes in the top or the back of the tank for your canister.