I think its cruel to keep a 16 in fish in a 30 in aquarium
16 inches? That is very unlikely. Average size for oscars is 10-14 inches.
30g aquarium is fine(for one). I am not kidding. The "intestine, deformity, and ect" is all

.
If you keep a cichlid under their tank size limit they won't exactly be unhealthy but you can say they will be miserable.
When you feed plant based foods, your cichlids have a much healthier immune system. That is a +1. When Cichlids are fed meaty foods like hikari, krill, beefheart, bloodworms, and ect they have lots of protein hormones that can make them grow insanely fast.
I experimented two oscars a few years back. Both oscars were purchased at 1 inch. I fed one oscar nothing but algae discs, algae wafers, lettuce, peas, and ect.
The other oscar was fed bloodworms, brine shrimp, krill, hikari, tubifex worms, and ect.
These two were in different 40 gallon tanks. Their tanks were cleaned once a week.
In one month, the oscar who ate protein foods grew more than 2 inches! The oscar that ate vegetables grew 1 cm.
After a year passed, the protein oscar was 12 inches!! The oscar that ate vegetables was 5 inches.
Not to mention, the oscar who ate veggies is still alive in the zoo. The protein oscar died

.
Their is a huge argument of tank sizes. It all depends on you.
An example.
Vegans= eat nothing but vegetables.
American(lol)= eat mostly meaty foods.
According to several articles on the internet, vegans can live up to 90 or so years.
While Meat eaters and omnivores live 60-75 years of age.
I don't want anyone to take this offensive but look how healthy and long lived asians are? Compared to an average american they eat much less MEAT. They live much longer too.
I hope this helps...