So how does the gang valve work? I can go buy one, just not familiar with how to use it.
hello; An air valve is a way to adjust and direct the amount of air flowing thru it. Most can be adjusted from allowing all the air a tube size can flow to down to no air at all. Think of a faucet on a sink and water flow.
Now picture linking several of the valves together. I have them with four valves built together. So it is a gang of valves. The air comes in the common tube and each valve can be adjusted from zero flow to wide open. Hook an output tube to each valve and run the tubes where you want air. Open and close the valves to adjust the flow.
So it seems that apparently hooking it to anything creating bubbles is causing too much back pressure
Hello; Sorry to say but seems likely the air pump has been damaged from the restrictive back pressure. Sometimes they can be repaired. I have taken a few apart.
Inside likely will be a U shaped metal construct with electrical wire wrapped around it. The wall current runs in the wire coils making an electromagnet. I think the alternating current (AC) which reverses at 60 cycles per second is a key to the function.
facing the U shaped metal likely will be a thin strip of metal with a permanent magnet attached at the end. That magnet will be close to but not quite touching the metal U. As the AC runs in the coils and reverses it causes the magnet to be pulled first one way and then back the other 60 times a second. This makes the thin metal strip vibrate.
Attached to that thin metal strip in various fashions will be a rubber cup of some sort. Usually there are two such rubber cups, one on each side of the metal strip. These rubber cups are the first thing to check. They may have splits or cracks in them and if so are ruined. This is where you start checking to see if the pump has a rebuild kits available.
If the rubber cups are still good then you have to look into the control body the rubber cups are attached to. Inside that control body will likely be found some small flat and very flexable silicone strips which cover holes. These silicone strips essentially control the movement of air into and out and forcing it to move only one way. These strips may be damaged but often are only dirty. I have cleaned a few and gotten air pumps to work again.