The tube is so the bubbles can compact and pull the water up through the sponge easier and with more power.I too would like to know the answer to this question. I just picked up a 20 Gallon Hydor model for my 20G shellie tank and I had to trim the tube quite a bit to where it wasn't sticking out of the water. Also, how much airflow from the airpump is needed for it to be effective? I have an airflow adjuster on my pump and I scaled it back a little because of excessive noise.
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