Ammonia still in water after cycling

[Leonardo_CH]

Interesting. Is that pore a ureter or is it that that specific area has pores capable of excreting urine? I had always thought the transfer took place exclusively at the gills and that fish did not have ureter... probably from learning about shark anatomy many years ago.

Urination in fish is more about managing minerals like sodium and calcium rather than excretion of nitrogen waste, which almost entirely happens in the gills.

They do have an ureter but not a urethra.

Excretory System in Fishes (With Diagram)

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[Redshark1]

Ammonia is produced 24/7 by live fish as a result of their normal life processes.

As a part of these processes Ammonia is produced from the utilisation of the food we feed them.

If they do not eat the food and it decays in the tank it will also produce ammonia.

Therefore to keep ammonia to a minimum we should also feed our fish the minimum required for their maintenance.

As the fish biomass (weight of living fish) increases as the fish grow or the population is increased so the ammonia produced increases.

Filtration (biological denitrification) may need to be increased to cope with handling the increased ammonia.

Increased oxygen is also required to maintain an increased biomass. Dealing with increased ammonia also requires increased oxygen as denitrification is an aerobic (oxygen consuming) process.

The capacity of the filter to deal with ammonia may need to be supplemented with mechanisms for delivering increased oxygen.

Oxygen is introduced by diffusion (passive movement) from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

In the aquarium this takes place where air and water meet (at the interface) so mechanisms for delivering increased oxygen aim to increase the surface area of the interface by using mechanisms such as venturi, air bubblers and introducing turbulence at the water's surface. All are useful, their effectiveness depending on the amount of surface area presented for diffusion to take place.