This is one of the biggest myths in the hobby. Goldfish are not coldwater. They are eurythermal, this means that they can do well in a very wide temperature range. Most goldfish are raised on the exact same farms as most of the tropical fish in the hobby. In some cases they actually get sick when they are brought into our air conditioned homes, stores,and wholesalers and kept at room temp.
Goldfish are naturalized in most of the same natural river systems that most of our aquarium fish come from. This means they have established stable (or growing) populations and are now part of the ecosystem. Even their natural range includes tropical countries like Laos and Myanmar. These fish are as tropical as our tropical fish, they just happen to also do well in cooler temps (something the other tropical fish can't handle).
Fancier varieties do well iin a narrower temperature range. So although a long bodied goldfish may thrive in a frozen over pond in the winter that gets to 90F in the summer, fancy goldfish (fantails, orandas, ranchus, etc.) do not have the same tolerance. They are better in the mid to upper 70s and into the low 80s. The fancier the goldfish the less hardy it is on average (fantails can handle more than an orande could, which could handle more than a ranchu could).
Temperature is not the only thing that dictates compatibility though. Whatever you keep together in your tanks needs to be able to thrive together. Aggressive fish, nippers, max size, etc. will all limit what can go with goldfish.
I have kept different types of goldfish with different types of tropical fish and overall they are compatible, but like other tropical fish you still need to use common sense and keep their needs as the top priority (not just everything you like piled in a tank together).