Ok so to summarize what Dr. Lundberg has sent I will say that in adults filamentosum has longer maxillary barbels extending to or beyond the start of the anal fin, it is lighter in coloration, it has longer lobes on the caudal fin, and the caudal fin is slightly rounded on the outer upper and lower edges, the adipose fin is slightly larger in comparison to the overall fish, body proportions are relatively similar. Dr. Lundberg retains that the easiest way to tell the two species apart is the tooth patches. Before I get int the tooth patches I would describe capapretum as having maxillary barbels that extend to the begining of the pelvic fins or just beyond, it is much darker in coloration as an adult as well, the outer edges of the caudal fin are more straight, and the caudal is less deeply forked, the adipose fin is smaller in comparison with filamentosum, comparing skull pics provided I would have to say that capapretum has a more pointed and less broad snout than filamentosum which has a slightly rounder and more broad snout. capapretum also has slightly shorter mental barbels. As for the tooth patches here is the description provided.
"described and diagnosed by its fine, densely spaced outer jaw teeth and relatively few rows of straight, depressible inner teeth"
I will also attach a drawing that I have done quickly myself to demonstrate the differences in the tooth patches. This drawing is not exact and is just a representation to show the differences.
The document that Lundberg sent is very interesting as it outlines the realignment of all the brachyplatystoma back in 2005.
Please not that all references and summaries made here are from Dr. John Lundberg, and his document
Brachyplatystoma capapretum: a New Species of Goliath Catfish from the Amazon Basin, with a Reclassification of Allied Catfishes (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) John G. Lundberg and Alberto Akama. Copeia, 2005(3) pp. 492-516
