Here is the solution that I came up with. My overflows are now painted black so they don't show up in pictures well, so thus the white ones. I glued plastic netting on the open end to keep fish, feeders, etc. out of the pipes. I also made two modifications: I drilled the hole between the fittings to allow air to escape, and then I also added a slot on the netted fitting so that I could have a little bit of surface cleaning.
By allowing the overflow to act entirely on surface skimming, at feeding time nearly all food went straight to the overflow tube. I had underestimated the power of surface tension.
By allowing the overflow to act entirely on surface skimming, at feeding time nearly all food went straight to the overflow tube. I had underestimated the power of surface tension.