Wow nice job with autopsy and photos spotfin. This is for sure benificial for us to know and you are for sure helping alot of others.
gross anatomy
- Thread starter spotfin
- Start date
DavidW;3226541; said:
Chromium is widely distributed in the food supply, but most foods provide only small amounts.Meat and whole-grain products, as well as some fruits, vegetables, and spices are relatively good sources [12]. In contrast, foods high in simple sugars (like sucrose and fructose) are low in chromium [13].
Few serious adverse effects have been linked to high intakes of chromium, so the Institute of Medicine has not established a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for this mineral [10,14]. A UL is the maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects. It is one of the values (together with the RDA and AI) that comprise the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for each nutrient.
if we eat Chromium, is it really that bad?
I would recommend that you don;t eat any more food with Chromium in it
http://www.espi-metals.com/msds's/Chromium Oxide.htm
V. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Effects of Exposure:
To the best of our knowledge the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of chromium oxide have not been thoroughly investigated and reported.
Chromium is a confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Chromate salts are suspected human carcinogens producing tumors of the lungs, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinus. Chromic acid and its salts have a corrosive effect of the skin and mucous membranes. The lesions are confined to the exposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands and forearms and the mucous membranes of the nasal septum. Hexavalent compounds are more toxic than the trivalent. (Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.)
Acute Effects:
Inhalation: Toxic by inhalation and is a severe irritant to the mucous membranes.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion which may cause gastrointestinal disorders.
Skin: Severe skin irritant.
Eye: Severe eye irritant.
Chronic Effects:
Inhalation: May cause histologic fibrosis of the lungs, nasal and/or lung cancer.
Ingestion: No chronic health effects recorded.
Skin: May cause eczematous dermatitis.
Eye: No chronic health effects recorded.
Target Organs: May affect the respiratory system.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing respiratory disorders, pulmonary functions and asthma.
Carcinogenicity: NTP: Yes IARC: No OSHA: Yes
http://www.sewanee.edu/Chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Chromium_Oxide
....Both chromium oxide and hydrated chromium oxide must be handled carefully.
Touching the chemical or inhaling it could be moderately toxic. In its
dry powder form, the chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic and could
cause skin or respiratory irritation or allergies. Cancer is associated
with the fumes of chrome, and chromate is a potent animal carcinogen. Healing
after exposure to a form of chromium oxide is slow since ulcers on the
skin and nasal passages take time to close and heal.
http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/chromiumoxide.pdf
Carcinogenicity: Note: While the specific chromium compounds cannot be identified, there is evidence that certain chromium
compounds cause cancer in humans and experimental animals.
http://www.espi-metals.com/msds's/Chromium Oxide.htm
V. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Effects of Exposure:
To the best of our knowledge the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of chromium oxide have not been thoroughly investigated and reported.
Chromium is a confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Chromate salts are suspected human carcinogens producing tumors of the lungs, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinus. Chromic acid and its salts have a corrosive effect of the skin and mucous membranes. The lesions are confined to the exposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands and forearms and the mucous membranes of the nasal septum. Hexavalent compounds are more toxic than the trivalent. (Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.)
Acute Effects:
Inhalation: Toxic by inhalation and is a severe irritant to the mucous membranes.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion which may cause gastrointestinal disorders.
Skin: Severe skin irritant.
Eye: Severe eye irritant.
Chronic Effects:
Inhalation: May cause histologic fibrosis of the lungs, nasal and/or lung cancer.
Ingestion: No chronic health effects recorded.
Skin: May cause eczematous dermatitis.
Eye: No chronic health effects recorded.
Target Organs: May affect the respiratory system.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing respiratory disorders, pulmonary functions and asthma.
Carcinogenicity: NTP: Yes IARC: No OSHA: Yes
http://www.sewanee.edu/Chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Chromium_Oxide
....Both chromium oxide and hydrated chromium oxide must be handled carefully.
Touching the chemical or inhaling it could be moderately toxic. In its
dry powder form, the chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic and could
cause skin or respiratory irritation or allergies. Cancer is associated
with the fumes of chrome, and chromate is a potent animal carcinogen. Healing
after exposure to a form of chromium oxide is slow since ulcers on the
skin and nasal passages take time to close and heal.
http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/chromiumoxide.pdf
Carcinogenicity: Note: While the specific chromium compounds cannot be identified, there is evidence that certain chromium
compounds cause cancer in humans and experimental animals.
DavidW;3226688; said:I would recommend that you don;t eat any more food with Chromium in it
http://www.espi-metals.com/msds's/Chromium Oxide.htm
V. HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
Effects of Exposure:
To the best of our knowledge the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of chromium oxide have not been thoroughly investigated and reported.
Chromium is a confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Chromate salts are suspected human carcinogens producing tumors of the lungs, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinus. Chromic acid and its salts have a corrosive effect of the skin and mucous membranes. The lesions are confined to the exposed parts, affecting chiefly the skin of the hands and forearms and the mucous membranes of the nasal septum. Hexavalent compounds are more toxic than the trivalent. (Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.)
Acute Effects:
Inhalation: Toxic by inhalation and is a severe irritant to the mucous membranes.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion which may cause gastrointestinal disorders.
Skin: Severe skin irritant.
Eye: Severe eye irritant.
Chronic Effects:
Inhalation: May cause histologic fibrosis of the lungs, nasal and/or lung cancer.
Ingestion: No chronic health effects recorded.
Skin: May cause eczematous dermatitis.
Eye: No chronic health effects recorded.
Target Organs: May affect the respiratory system.
Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing respiratory disorders, pulmonary functions and asthma.
Carcinogenicity: NTP: Yes IARC: No OSHA: Yes
http://www.sewanee.edu/Chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Chromium_Oxide
....Both chromium oxide and hydrated chromium oxide must be handled carefully.
Touching the chemical or inhaling it could be moderately toxic. In its
dry powder form, the chemical is suspected to be carcinogenic and could
cause skin or respiratory irritation or allergies. Cancer is associated
with the fumes of chrome, and chromate is a potent animal carcinogen. Healing
after exposure to a form of chromium oxide is slow since ulcers on the
skin and nasal passages take time to close and heal.
http://www.espimetals.com/msds's/chromiumoxide.pdf
Carcinogenicity: Note: While the specific chromium compounds cannot be identified, there is evidence that certain chromium
compounds cause cancer in humans and experimental animals.
http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/chromium.asp
Broccoli, grape juice and many other foods have Chromium, it looks to me???
http://wiki.medpedia.com/Chromium
David, what effects do you think it would cause with Rays, liver failure??
to take davids point further. chromiumIII oxide is non reactive in water but is reactive in acid(which a stingrays stomach most certainly is).Which is why the sand has lost its pigment. considering the make up of the other pigments on that list(cobalt blue). organ damage would definitely be high on my list to check.
I also would not use this sand. But without blood and tissue samples being tested we shall never know.
sorry about the loss of the ray. But well done on actually taking time to do an autopsy. i have performed many on koi and with the help of a microscope have saved many fish as a result of correct diagnosis and treatment!
hope the rest of the rays stay ok
I also would not use this sand. But without blood and tissue samples being tested we shall never know.
sorry about the loss of the ray. But well done on actually taking time to do an autopsy. i have performed many on koi and with the help of a microscope have saved many fish as a result of correct diagnosis and treatment!
hope the rest of the rays stay ok
The main question is dose and length of exposure when you are referring to toxins, and it would have affected all of your ray similarly. As far as respirator irritants and carcinogens. Anything you inhale can and will cause both, asbestos and chromium has the same effects as wood and coolaid when inhaled the firts two may work a bit faster. Most of the stuff is caught by the upper airway, and or removed by scillia in the air way. Most irritating inhalants become dangerous when they are dissolved in small qualities of water (the main component in mucus) when you disolve that same irritant in say 200 gallons of water and then do water changes the the amound present drops very very fast. Given all the compouns in the sand a solid rinsing and regular gravel siphoning will quickly eliminate and of the leached chemicals.
chromiumIIIoxide is NON soluble/NON reactive in water so it would remain in the sand forever but it would react in the stomach as i said above
keepinfish;3226707; said:
possibly, I can;t say, I would expect to see something along the lines of the problems that humans have with this chemical, except that rays , being a lot smaller than a human will ingest proportionally considerably more.
But seeing a list of ingredients and warnings like on the bag, why take even a slight risk with this product?
The cobalt-chromium is less than .5% by weight, the little bit of sand found in the ray wouldn't come close to LDL. The main carcinogens are quartz and silica, the same ones found in beach sand, play sand, and pool filter sand.
The native environment of ray is chock full of naturally occurring chemicals that would shorten human life spans. I doubt the sand caused this, or had even had a tertiary involvement.
The native environment of ray is chock full of naturally occurring chemicals that would shorten human life spans. I doubt the sand caused this, or had even had a tertiary involvement.
